Basics of Philosophy 2024

Basics of Philosophy 2024

Philosophy, its Subject, and its Role in Human and Societal Life

Worldview, its Structure, and Historical Types

The Specificity of Philosophy as a Form of Worldview. Philosophy and Science

Fundamental Questions of Philosophy and its Structure

The Primary Functions of Philosophy

Ancient Philosophy and its Cosmocentric Orientation

General Characteristics of Ancient Philosophy

Cosmogonic and Natural Philosophical Ideas of the Pre-Socratics

The Classical Period of Ancient Philosophy

Hellenistic and Roman Period

Philosophy of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

Philosophy of the Medieval Era

Key Features of Renaissance Philosophy

Philosophy Of The Modern Age

Preconditions and Key Features of Modern Philosophy

The Problem of the Scientific Research Method in 17th-Century Philosophy

Philosophy of the Enlightenment

German Classical Philosophy

The Philosophy of Marxism

Trends in the Development of Contemporary World Philosophy

Philosophy of Neopositivism and Postpositivism

Pragmatism

Hermeneutics

Philosophy of Life

Philosophical Problems of Psychoanalysis: Freudianism and Neo-Freudianism

Philosophy of Existentialism

Social-Critical Directions in 20th Century Philosophy: The Philosophy of Neomarxism

Postmodernism

Philosophical Content of the Problem of Being: The Dialectic of Being

Being as the Fundamental Category of Philosophy

Being as General Connection and Interaction: The Idea of Development

Philosophical Categories as Instruments for Understanding the World

Categories of Dialectics

Categories of Causality and Wholeness

The Laws of Dialectics

Humanity and Its Being as an Object of Philosophical Understanding

The Development of Philosophical Conceptions of Humanity

The Multidimensionality of Human Existence: The Relationship between the Biological and the Social in Humanity

Consciousness as a Fundamental Property of Humanity

The Concepts of Human, Individual, Individuality, and Personality: The Structure of Personality

Socialization of the Personality: Stages, Mechanisms, Forms

Ethical Dimensions of the Existence of Personality

Moral Motivation and Value Orientations

The Problem of Moral Choice: The Structure of Action

The Relationship Between Moral Ends and Means

Basic Categories of Ethics

Society and its Philosophical Analysis

The Specifics of Social Reality and Its Cognition: Objective and Subjective in the Social Process

Society as a System: The Spiritual Life of Society

Philosophy of History as a Branch of Philosophical Knowledge: The Problem of Social Progress

Epistemology: The Essence of Cognitive Activity

The Nature of the Cognitive Process and the Problem of the World’s Cognizability

The Unity of Sensory and Rational Knowledge

Philosophical Theory of Truth: The Dialectic of Absolute and Relative Truth

Scientific Cognition: Levels, Forms, Methods

Logic: Laws and Forms of Correct Thinking

Logic as the Science of Laws and Forms of Correct Thinking

Concept as a Form of Thought

Judgment

Fundamental Formal-Logical Laws

Inference as a Form of Thought

Elements of Argumentation Theory

Glossary