Introduction to philosophy based on a historical approach 2024

Introduction to philosophy based on a historical approach 2024

The Task and System of Philosophy

The Task of Philosophy

Definitions of Philosophy

Philosophy and Science

Philosophy and Religion

Philosophy as a Doctrine of Goods

Historical Overview of Major Attempts at Classification

Three Domains of Specialized Sciences (Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and the Human Sciences)

Classification of Specialized Sciences

Systematic Division of Philosophy

The Historical Development of Philosophy

Greek Philosophy

A General Overview of the Development of Greek Philosophy

The Development of Cosmological Thought

The Emergence of the Ethical Problem (Sophists and Socrates)

Platonic Philosophy

Aristotelian Philosophy

Ethical Directions in Hellenistic Philosophy (Stoics, Epicureans, Skeptics)

Theosophical Directions in Hellenistic Philosophy (Neopythagoreans, Jewish Theosophers, Neoplatonists)

Christian Philosophy

The General Development of Christian Philosophy

Patristic Philosophy

Scholastic Philosophy

New Philosophy

Cultural Conditions and Key Periods of New Philosophy

The Development of Philosophy in the Renaissance (Nicholas of Cusa, Paracelsus, Giordano Bruno)

The General Character of the Renaissance of Sciences

Inductive and Deductive Philosophy

The Doctrine of Substance According to Spinoza

Empirical Philosophy of Locke

Monadology of Leibniz

The Philosophy of Enlightenment and Its Opponents

Kant's Critical Philosophy

Philosophy of the 19th Century

Main Philosophical Directions

Three Fundamental Philosophical Problems

Directions of Epistemological Theory

Naive Empiricism

Reasoned Empiricism

Pure Empiricism

Apriorism

Ontologism

Panlogism

Negative Criticism or Skepticism

Positive Criticism or Criticism in the Proper Sense of the Word

Metaphysical Directions

Dualistic Materialism

Monistic Materialism

Objective Idealism

Subjective Idealism

Transcendental Idealism

Dualistic Realism

Monistic Realism

Ethical Directions

A General Overview of Ethical Directions and Their Development

Heteronomous Moral Systems

Transcendent Moral Systems

Immanent Moral Systems