The main methods of philosophical discourse 2024

The main methods of philosophical discourse 2024

Prologue

History of Philosophy

What is Philosophy?

The Term Philosophy

Philosophy and Definition

Philosophy and Worldview

Moral Responsibility of the Philosopher

Periodization of Philosophy

The Purpose of Philosophy

Philosophical Disciplines

Ancient Philosophy

Definition and Periodization

The Presocratics

Socrates

Plato

Platonism

Aristotle

Hellenism

Stoicism

Epicureanism

Skepticism

Philosophy of The Middle Ages

Definition and Periodization

Patristics of the 1st-3rd Centuries

Patristics of the 4th Century

Patristics of the 5th-7th Centuries

Saint Augustine

Western Philosophy of the 5th-7th Centuries

Scholasticism

Philosophy of the 9th–11th Centuries

Philosophy of the 12th–13th Centuries

Via Moderna

Philosophy of the Modern Age

The Renaissance

Political Philosophy of the Renaissance

Great Philosophical Systems of the Modern Era

English Enlightenment

French Enlightenment

German Classical Philosophy

German Philosophy of the 19th Century

Philosophy in 19th Century England and France

Schools of Contemporary Philosophy

General Overview

Philosophy of Man

Philosophy of Language

Philosophy of Science

Philosophy of Culture

Philosophical Schools of the 20th Century

Philosophy of the Far East

Indian Philosophy

Astika

Nastika

Chinese Philosophy

Confucianism

Daoism

Philosophy of the Near East

Definition

Kalam

Eastern Philosophy

Andalusian Philosophy

Ishraqism of Suhrawardi

Jewish Philosophy

Philosophy of Being and Knowledge

Metaphysics (Philosophy of Being)

Title and Definition

The History of Metaphysics

Transcendentals

Substance

Theory of Causes

Actuality and Potentiality

Form and Matter

Epistemology (Philosophy of Knowledge)

Names and Key Problems of Epistemology

Rationalism

Empiricism

Kantianism

Skepticism

Scottish Common-Sense School

Knowledge

Truth

Theory of Proof

Conviction

Philosophy of Science

The Emergence of Science and the Beginnings of the Philosophy of Science

The Beginnings of Philosophical Reflection on Science

Positivism

Neopositivism

Karl Popper's Critical Rationalism

The Theory of Research Programs by Imre Lakatos

Ludwik Fleck's Doctrine of Thought Styles

Thomas Kuhn's Historical Theory of Science

Paul Feyerabend's Anarchism

The Evolutionary Theory of Science by Stephen Toulmin

The Content of Scientific Theories

Proof

Classification of Sciences

Philosophy of Mathematics

Mathematical Theories

Philosophy of Language

Definition

Humboldtianism

Neogrammarians

Neolinguistics

Structuralism

Generativism of Chomsky

Neo-Kantianism: Ernst Cassirer

Analytic Philosophy

Gottlob Frege

Logical Atomism

Neopositivism

Philosophy of Ordinary Language

Semiotics (Theory of Signs)

Definition

The Emergence of Semiotics

The Modern Era

Peirce's Semiotics

Semiotics of Saussure and Morris

Mirror

Philosophy of Consciousness

Definition

Dualism

Monism

Critique of the Problem

Main Issues

Logic (Philosophy of Thought)

Definition, Terminology, History

Concept

Definition

Classification of Concepts

Relationships Between Concepts

Operations on Concepts

Judgment

Simple Judgments

Modal Judgments

Complex Judgments

Inference

Laws of Logic

Hermeneutics (Philosophy of Understanding)

Definition

Ancient Hermeneutics

The Middle Ages and Modern Times

19th Century

20th Century

Fundamental Concepts of Hermeneutics

Philosophy of Humanity

Anthropology (Philosophy of Humanity)

Definition

Hinduism and Buddhism

Abrahamic Religions

Antiquity

Saint Augustine

The Modern Era

The School of Philosophical Anthropology

Philosophical Conceptions of Humanity

Existentialism

Personalism

Current Issues

Philosophy of Psychology (Psychological Theory)

Definition

Early Psychological Schools

Behaviorism

Gestalt Psychology

Depth Psychology

Humanism and Existentialism

Cognitive Psychology

Philosophy of Religion

Definition

The Ontological Argument

Cosmological Arguments

Attributes of God

Theodicy

Religion and Pragmatism

Atheistic Definitions of Religion

Ethics (Moral Philosophy)

Definition

Absolute Justification of Ethics

Teleological Justification of Ethics

Relativist Theories of Ethics

Virtues

Free Will

Axiology

Aesthetics (Philosophy of Beauty)

Definition

Ancient Aesthetics

The Middle Ages and the Modern Era

Forms of Art

Philosophy of Education

Definition

The Beginnings of Pedagogy

Antiquity and the Middle Ages

The Emergence of Pedagogy

The Humboldt Reform

Philosophy of Society

Social Philosophy (Theory of Society)

Definition

Sociological Concepts Before Comte

Comte's Sociology

Sociology of Spencer

Sociological Positivism

Sociological Psychologism

Sociologism of Durkheim

Humanistic Sociology of Weber

German Formal Sociology

The Open Society of Popper

Theory of Elites

Sociology of the 20th Century

Empirical Sociology

Philosophy of History

Definition

Problems of Historiography

The Tasks of the Philosophy of History

Linear Concepts of History

Stage-Based Concepts of History

Civilizational Concept of History

Futurology

History Before Ranke

History After Ranke

Historical Memory and the Politics of Memory

Philosophy of Culture

Emergence and Subject

Early Theories of Culture

Structuralism, Poststructuralism, Postmodernism

Periodization of Culture

The Stone Age

The Bronze Age

The Iron Age

The Axial Age

Antiquity

The Middle Ages

Renaissance

The Modern Age

20th-21st Centuries

Philosophy of Law

The Essence of Law

Legal Positivism and Legal Realism

Principles of Law

Legal System

The Romano-Germanic Legal Family

The Anglo-Saxon Legal Family

Religious Legal Family

Customary Legal Family

Socialist Legal Family

Branches of Law

Political Philosophy (Theory of the State)

The Emergence of Political Philosophy

The State and the Good Nature of Man

The State and the Selfish Nature of Man

Anarchism

Machiavellianism

Utopias

Marxism

Democracy

Types of States

Functions of the State

Classification of Ideologies

Philosophy of Economics (Economic Theory)

Definition

Political Economy

Mercantilism

Early Classical Economic Theory

Mature Classical Economic Theory

Late Classical Economic Theory

Marxist Economic Theory

Neoclassical Economic Theory

Keynesianism

Institutionalism

Common Good, Subsidiarity, Solidarity

Economics and Morality

Christian Social Teaching